Articles

189 conectores para el TOEFL Writing, con ejemplos (PDF gratis)

2026-10-1012 min read

Los conectores son lo primero que memoriza casi todo el que prepara el TOEFL Writing. Moreover, Furthermore, In conclusion. Así que los contamos en 114 de nuestras propias respuestas modelo. In conclusion no apareció ni una vez.

Aquí tienes 189 conectores y expresiones para usar desde ya en Write an Email y Write for an Academic Discussion del TOEFL 2026, ordenados en 14 grupos. Cada uno lleva su significado y un ejemplo con temas de examen, y la lista completa está también en PDF para imprimir. Debajo de las tablas también está lo que contamos en 114 de nuestras respuestas modelo.

Una estudiante marca con bolígrafo azul una lista impresa de conectores para el TOEFL Writing

Descarga los 189 en PDF

Las mismas tablas, preparadas para imprimir en A4. Gratis y sin registro.

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189 conectores en 14 grupos

Cada grupo indica dónde encaja (Email, Academic Discussion o ambos), y los ejemplos usan temas que podrían salir en el examen. Toca un grupo de la lista para ir directo.

Dar tu postura (14)
Dar razones (15)
Explicar con más detalle (14)
Dar ejemplos (14)
Añadir ideas (14)
Contrastar y conceder (16)
Responder a los compañeros (14)
Mostrar resultados (14)
Comparar (10)
Condiciones e hipótesis (10)
Enfatizar (10)
Ordenar las ideas (12)
Cerrar la respuesta (12)
Frases para el correo (20)

Dar tu postura (Stating your position)

Dónde usarlo: Academic Discussion · 14 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
In my view,	En mi opinión,	In my view, first-year students should be required to live on campus.
From my perspective,	Desde mi punto de vista,	From my perspective, online classes work best for students who already have strong study habits.
I firmly believe that	Estoy convencido de que	I firmly believe that schools should teach basic financial skills.
I strongly agree that	Estoy totalmente de acuerdo en que	I strongly agree that cities should invest more in public transportation.
I am inclined to think that	Me inclino a pensar que	I am inclined to think that a shorter school week would hurt younger students.
As far as I am concerned,	En lo que a mí respecta,	As far as I am concerned, the benefits of social media outweigh the risks.
It seems to me that	Me parece que	It seems to me that most students choose a major too early.
My position is that	Mi postura es que	My position is that homework should be optional in elementary school.
I would argue that	Yo diría que	I would argue that public libraries are more important now than ever.
I am convinced that	Estoy convencido de que	I am convinced that group projects prepare students for real jobs.
When it comes to	Cuando se trata de	When it comes to learning a language, daily practice matters more than talent.
Personally,	Personalmente,	Personally, I prefer studying in a quiet library to studying at home.
I tend to agree with the idea that	Tiendo a estar de acuerdo con la idea de que	I tend to agree with the idea that uniforms reduce peer pressure.
There is no doubt that	No cabe duda de que	There is no doubt that smartphones have changed how teenagers communicate.

Dar razones (Giving reasons)

Dónde usarlo: Email · Academic Discussion · 15 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
This is mainly because	Esto se debe principalmente a que	Many students skip breakfast. This is mainly because their first class starts too early.
The main reason is that	La razón principal es que	The main reason is that students learn faster when they teach each other.
The primary reason for this is	La razón principal de esto es	The primary reason for this is the high cost of living near campus.
One reason is that	Una razón es que	One reason is that remote work saves employees hours of commuting.
Another reason is that	Otra razón es que	Another reason is that small classes allow more questions.
This is because	Esto es porque	Some companies ban phones in meetings. This is because people stop listening.
due to	debido a	The event was canceled due to heavy rain.
owing to	debido a	Owing to budget cuts, the library now closes at 6 p.m.
since	ya que	Since most students work part-time, evening classes are very popular.
given that	dado que	Given that tuition keeps rising, students need more scholarship options.
in light of	a la luz de	In light of the new research, the school changed its start time.
That is why	Por eso	Exercise improves focus. That is why I think schools need longer breaks.
for the simple reason that	por la sencilla razón de que	I support the policy for the simple reason that it saves time.
What makes this important is that	Lo que hace esto importante es que	What makes this important is that habits formed in college often last for life.
I say this because	Lo digo porque	I say this because I saw the same problem in my own high school.

Explicar con más detalle (Explaining in more detail)

Dónde usarlo: Academic Discussion · 14 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
In detail,	En detalle,	In detail, the program pairs each new student with an older mentor for one semester.
To be more specific,	Para ser más específico,	To be more specific, students spend about two hours a day on social media.
In other words,	En otras palabras,	In other words, the rule protects students who cannot afford new devices.
That is to say,	Es decir,	Teachers should be facilitators. That is to say, they should guide rather than lecture.
To put it another way,	Dicho de otro modo,	To put it another way, cheap food is not really cheap if it makes us sick.
What I mean is that	Lo que quiero decir es que	What I mean is that students need time to rest, not just more classes.
More specifically,	Más concretamente,	More specifically, the app reminds users to review words they missed.
To elaborate,	Para profundizar,	To elaborate, part-time jobs teach time management in a way classes cannot.
Put simply,	En pocas palabras,	Put simply, the policy costs more than it saves.
This means that	Esto significa que	This means that students would lose their only chance to practice speaking.
In particular,	En particular,	In particular, first-generation students benefit from extra advising.
Specifically,	Específicamente,	Specifically, the survey found that most users quit within a week.
Namely,	A saber,	Two groups would benefit most, namely commuters and working parents.
The point is that	La cuestión es que	The point is that technology should support teachers, not replace them.

Dar ejemplos (Giving examples)

Dónde usarlo: Email · Academic Discussion · 14 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
For example,	Por ejemplo,	For example, my cousin learned to code entirely through free online courses.
For instance,	Por ejemplo,	For instance, many museums now offer free virtual tours.
To illustrate,	Para ilustrarlo,	To illustrate, a student who reads 20 minutes a day finishes about 15 books a year.
such as	como	Outdoor activities such as hiking and cycling reduce stress.
A good example of this is	Un buen ejemplo de esto es	A good example of this is Finland, where students have very little homework.
Take ... as an example.	Tomemos ... como ejemplo.	Take my high school as an example. It banned phones, and grades went up.
In my experience,	Según mi experiencia,	In my experience, study groups work only when someone sets clear goals.
When I was in high school,	Cuando estaba en la secundaria,	When I was in high school, our teacher let us choose our own project topics.
like	como	Small changes, like turning off notifications, can improve focus.
including	incluyendo	The club offers many activities, including weekend hikes and film nights.
Consider	Pensemos en	Consider how much time students spend commuting to campus each week.
Imagine	Imagina	Imagine a student who has to work 30 hours a week while studying full-time.
to name a few	por nombrar algunos	Cafes, libraries, and parks, to name a few, all offer free Wi-Fi now.
As an illustration,	A modo de ejemplo,	As an illustration, the city's bike-sharing program cut car trips by a noticeable amount.

Añadir ideas (Adding a point)

Dónde usarlo: Email · Academic Discussion · 14 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
In addition,	Además,	In addition, living on campus makes it easier to join clubs.
Moreover,	Además,	Moreover, the new schedule gives teachers more time to plan.
Furthermore,	Asimismo,	Furthermore, online courses let students review lectures as often as they need.
Also,	También,	Also, public transportation is better for the environment.
On top of that,	Encima de eso,	On top of that, the program is completely free for students.
Besides,	Además,	Besides, most students already own a laptop.
What is more,	Es más,	What is more, the library stays open until midnight during exams.
Not only ... but also	No solo ... sino también	Not only does exercise improve health, but it also boosts concentration.
Along with	Junto con	Along with lower costs, remote work offers more flexibility.
As well as	así como	Tutors help with writing as well as with test preparation.
Another point to consider is	Otro punto a considerar es	Another point to consider is the cost of maintaining the new buildings.
Equally important,	Igualmente importante,	Equally important, students need someone to talk to when they struggle.
Additionally,	Adicionalmente,	Additionally, I would like to ask whether the deadline can be extended.
Not to mention	Por no mencionar	The commute is long, not to mention expensive.

Contrastar y conceder (Contrasting and conceding)

Dónde usarlo: Academic Discussion · 16 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
However,	Sin embargo,	Some people think homework is useless. However, it builds discipline.
On the other hand,	Por otro lado,	Living alone is expensive. On the other hand, it teaches responsibility.
Although	Aunque	Although online classes are flexible, many students feel isolated.
Even though	Aunque	Even though the plan costs more, it will save money in the long run.
While	Si bien	While technology helps, it cannot replace a good teacher.
Nevertheless,	No obstante,	The rule is unpopular. Nevertheless, it keeps students safe.
Despite	A pesar de	Despite the high cost, many families choose private tutoring.
In contrast,	En cambio,	City schools have large classes. In contrast, rural schools are often very small.
Instead,	En su lugar,	Schools should not ban phones. Instead, they should teach students to use them wisely.
Admittedly,	Hay que admitir que	Admittedly, the policy will be difficult to enforce at first.
It is true that ..., but	Es cierto que ..., pero	It is true that dorms are expensive, but they save students time and travel costs.
That being said,	Dicho esto,	Online learning is convenient. That being said, it requires strong self-control.
Even so,	Aun así,	The new library is far from the dorms. Even so, students use it every day.
Rather than	En lugar de	Rather than banning junk food, schools should offer healthier options.
Whereas	mientras que	Some students like group work, whereas others prefer to study alone.
Conversely,	Por el contrario,	Strict rules can reduce cheating. Conversely, they can also reduce trust.

Responder a los compañeros (Responding to classmates)

Dónde usarlo: Academic Discussion · 14 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
I agree with ... that	Estoy de acuerdo con ... en que	I agree with Kelly that living on campus helps students make friends.
I understand ...'s point about ..., but	Entiendo el punto de ... sobre ..., pero	I understand Andrew's point about cost, but the benefits are worth it.
While ... makes a good point,	Aunque ... tiene razón en algo,	While Maria makes a good point about safety, I think the rule goes too far.
Building on ...'s idea,	A partir de la idea de ...,	Building on Daniel's idea, schools could also offer weekend workshops.
... raises an interesting point, but	... plantea un punto interesante, pero	Emily raises an interesting point, but she overlooks the cost to taxpayers.
I see where ... is coming from, but	Entiendo de dónde viene ..., pero	I see where Jason is coming from, but not every student can afford a laptop.
Unlike ..., I believe that	A diferencia de ..., creo que	Unlike Sarah, I believe that exams are still the fairest way to measure learning.
I partly agree with ..., but	Estoy parcialmente de acuerdo con ..., pero	I partly agree with Tom, but I think the rule should apply only to younger students.
Like ..., I think	Al igual que ..., creo que	Like Kevin, I think teachers should give fewer but better assignments.
... overlooks the fact that	... pasa por alto que	Andrew overlooks the fact that many dorms offer financial aid.
What ... does not mention is	Lo que ... no menciona es	What Lisa does not mention is how long the training would take.
To add to ...'s argument,	Para sumar al argumento de ...,	To add to Chris's argument, smaller classes also reduce noise and stress.
I would go further than ... and say	Iría más allá que ... y diría	I would go further than Anna and say that the policy should be national.
Both ... and ... make valid points, but	Tanto ... como ... tienen razón, pero	Both Kelly and Andrew make valid points, but I lean toward Kelly's side.

Mostrar resultados (Showing results)

Dónde usarlo: Email · Academic Discussion · 14 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
As a result,	Como resultado,	The cafeteria added healthy options. As a result, fewer students eat off campus.
Therefore,	Por lo tanto,	The bus is often late. Therefore, students should be allowed some flexibility.
Consequently,	En consecuencia,	Prices rose sharply. Consequently, many students moved back home.
Thus,	Así,	The test is shorter. Thus, students have less time to recover from mistakes.
As a consequence,	Como consecuencia,	As a consequence, the city had to close two libraries.
This leads to	Esto conduce a	Less sleep leads to lower grades and more stress.
This results in	Esto da como resultado	Skipping practice results in slower progress.
Because of this,	Por esto,	Because of this, many students never ask for help.
For this reason,	Por esta razón,	For this reason, I think the school should keep the program.
so	así que	The library was full, so we studied in a cafe.
Hence,	De ahí que	The data is incomplete. Hence, the conclusion may be wrong.
which means that	lo que significa que	The deadline moved up, which means that we have only two days left.
In turn,	A su vez,	Better sleep improves focus, and focus, in turn, improves grades.
As a result of	Como resultado de	As a result of the new policy, attendance went up.

Comparar (Comparing)

Dónde usarlo: Academic Discussion · 10 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
Similarly,	De manera similar,	Libraries offer quiet space. Similarly, study cafes give students a place to focus.
Likewise,	Del mismo modo,	Teachers need feedback. Likewise, students need clear goals.
In the same way,	De la misma manera,	In the same way, companies benefit when workers rest.
Compared to	En comparación con	Compared to ten years ago, students today read far fewer printed books.
Just as ..., so	Así como ..., también	Just as athletes need rest, so do students before exams.
Unlike	A diferencia de	Unlike traditional classes, online courses can be taken at any time.
much more ... than	mucho más ... que	Group study is much more effective than studying alone for some subjects.
By comparison,	En comparación,	Bikes are cheap to maintain. By comparison, cars cost thousands each year.
the same is true of	lo mismo ocurre con	Exercise improves mood, and the same is true of spending time outdoors.
is far better than	es mucho mejor que	Learning by doing is far better than memorizing rules.

Condiciones e hipótesis (Conditions and what-ifs)

Dónde usarlo: Academic Discussion · 10 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
If ..., then	Si ..., entonces	If schools start later, then students will sleep more.
Unless	A menos que	Unless the city adds more buses, traffic will keep getting worse.
As long as	Siempre y cuando	Phones are fine in class as long as students use them for research.
Provided that	Siempre que	Remote work can succeed, provided that teams meet regularly.
Otherwise,	De lo contrario,	Students need breaks. Otherwise, they lose focus quickly.
In that case,	En ese caso,	Some students cannot attend in person. In that case, recorded lectures help.
Without	Sin	Without clear rules, group projects become unfair.
If this happens,	Si esto sucede,	Funding may be cut. If this happens, the program will close.
Even if	Incluso si	Even if the course is optional, most students would take it.
Suppose that	Supongamos que	Suppose that every student had a personal tutor. Grades would rise quickly.

Enfatizar (Adding emphasis)

Dónde usarlo: Academic Discussion · 10 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
Indeed,	De hecho,	Sleep matters. Indeed, it may matter more than extra study hours.
In fact,	De hecho,	Many people think cycling is slow. In fact, it is often faster in city traffic.
Above all,	Sobre todo,	Above all, students need teachers who believe in them.
Most importantly,	Lo más importante,	Most importantly, the policy protects students' mental health.
Clearly,	Claramente,	Clearly, the old system is not working.
Obviously,	Obviamente,	Obviously, no single rule will solve the problem.
It is worth noting that	Cabe señalar que	It is worth noting that the program is already used in several countries.
Especially	Especialmente	Especially for younger students, routine is very important.
Undoubtedly,	Sin duda,	Undoubtedly, the internet has made research easier.
The key point is that	El punto clave es que	The key point is that students learn best when they are curious.

Ordenar las ideas (Ordering your points)

Dónde usarlo: Email · Academic Discussion · 12 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
First of all,	En primer lugar,	First of all, I want to thank you for your quick reply.
To begin with,	Para empezar,	To begin with, uniforms save families money.
Firstly, / Secondly,	Primero, / Segundo,	Firstly, the plan is cheap. Secondly, it is easy to start.
Next,	A continuación,	Next, I would like to ask about the meeting time.
Then,	Luego,	We could meet at the library. Then, we could go to the lab together.
After that,	Después de eso,	After that, I will send you the final draft.
Finally,	Por último,	Finally, I would appreciate it if you could confirm the date.
Lastly,	Por último,	Lastly, the program builds confidence.
To start with,	Para empezar,	To start with, the room is too small for our group.
At the same time,	Al mismo tiempo,	At the same time, we should listen to students' concerns.
Meanwhile,	Mientras tanto,	I will finish the slides. Meanwhile, could you check the data?
Before that,	Antes de eso,	Before that, I need to finish my lab report.

Cerrar la respuesta (Wrapping up)

Dónde usarlo: Academic Discussion · 12 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
Overall,	En general,	Overall, the benefits of the program clearly outweigh the costs.
For these reasons,	Por estas razones,	For these reasons, I support Kelly's view.
That is why I believe	Por eso creo que	That is why I believe schools should start later.
All things considered,	Teniendo todo en cuenta,	All things considered, online learning is a good option for adults.
In the end,	Al final,	In the end, the choice should belong to the students.
Ultimately,	En última instancia,	Ultimately, a good teacher matters more than any technology.
To sum up,	En resumen,	To sum up, uniforms save money and reduce pressure.
In short,	En resumen,	In short, the plan is cheap, fast, and fair.
In conclusion,	En conclusión,	In conclusion, I believe the city should invest in bike lanes.
This is why	Por esto	This is why I would choose the second option.
On balance,	En conjunto,	On balance, the rule does more good than harm.
Taking everything into account,	Tomando todo en cuenta,	Taking everything into account, I would support the proposal.

Frases para el correo (Email-only phrases)

Dónde usarlo: Email · 20 expresiones

Expresión	Significado	Ejemplo
I am writing to	Le escribo para	I am writing to ask about the summer research program.
I am writing about	Le escribo acerca de	I am writing about a used textbook I bought last week.
I hope this message finds you well.	Espero que se encuentre bien.	Dear Professor Kim, I hope this message finds you well.
I would like to	Me gustaría	I would like to request a short extension on my essay.
Could you please	¿Podría por favor	Could you please tell me when the office opens?
Would it be possible to	¿Sería posible	Would it be possible to move our meeting to Friday?
I would appreciate it if you could	Le agradecería que pudiera	I would appreciate it if you could send me the reading list.
Unfortunately,	Lamentablemente,	Unfortunately, I will not be able to attend the meeting on Monday.
The problem is that	El problema es que	The problem is that the heater in my room stopped working.
As you may know,	Como usted sabe,	As you may know, the project is due next Friday.
I was wondering if	Me preguntaba si	I was wondering if there are any spots left in the workshop.
In addition to this,	Además de esto,	In addition to this, I would like to know the total cost.
As a result of this,	Como consecuencia de esto,	As a result of this, I missed the first two classes.
I would be happy to	Con gusto	I would be happy to help with the event setup.
Please let me know if	Por favor, avíseme si	Please let me know if you need any more information.
Thank you for	Gracias por	Thank you for your help with my application.
I look forward to	Quedo a la espera de	I look forward to hearing from you.
Thank you in advance for	Gracias de antemano por	Thank you in advance for your time.
If it is not too much trouble,	Si no es mucha molestia,	If it is not too much trouble, could you check my registration?
I apologize for	Le pido disculpas por	I apologize for the short notice.

Todo en una sola respuesta

Esta es una respuesta a una pregunta de discusión sobre obligar a los estudiantes de primer año a vivir en el campus, con cinco expresiones de las tablas. Los conectores llevan un subrayado ondulado azul. Puse más de lo normal para que se vean; el día del examen, quedarte con tres basta.

Respuesta de ejemplo para Academic Discussion

I understand Andrew’s point about cost, but I agree with Kelly that first-year students should live on campus. The main reason is that the first year is when students build their study habits. In detail, a student in a dorm can join a late study group or ask a classmate for help within five minutes, while a student who commutes for an hour usually goes straight home. While dorms are expensive, many universities offer housing aid to students who need it, so cost alone should not decide the rule. For these reasons, I believe requiring one year on campus helps students more than it hurts them.

No hay In conclusion, y el contraargumento se resuelve con un solo While dentro de la frase. La primera línea, que nombra a un compañero, sale del grupo ‘Responder a los compañeros’.

Lo que usan de verdad 114 respuestas modelo

Reunimos todas las respuestas modelo de Email y Academic Discussion de los sets de práctica y los exámenes completos de testpracticelab: 55 escritas con nivel de puntuación máxima y 59 respuestas sólidas un escalón por debajo, 12.783 palabras en total. Luego contamos cuántas veces aparece cada una de las 189 expresiones.

Son respuestas escritas por nosotros, no ensayos calificados por ETS. Aun así, muestran cómo conecta las ideas un texto que un profesor marca como "puntuación máxima" frente a uno marcado como "bueno, pero un nivel más abajo".

Densidad

Las respuestas de máxima puntuación no usaron más conectores. Por cada 100 palabras usaron un poco menos.

2,1 : 2,2máxima : sólida, por 100 palabras

Favoritos de manual

In conclusion, In addition y On the other hand aparecen cero veces en 114 respuestas. Moreover y Furthermore, una vez cada uno.

0In conclusion

Conectar dentro de la frase

Las expresiones que resuelven una concesión o un contraste dentro de una sola frase, como While y Rather than, aparecen el doble en las respuestas de máxima puntuación.

3,7 : 1,8por 1.000 palabras

Cómo abrir un ejemplo

For example se concentra en el grupo inferior. Las mejores respuestas meten el ejemplo dentro de la frase o lo abren de otra forma, como For instance.

0,6 : 2,8For example, por 1.000 palabras

Fuente: 114 respuestas modelo de Email y Academic Discussion de 20 sets de práctica de writing y 12 exámenes completos de testpracticelab (sin duplicados). Palabras como so, like y also no se contaron porque se usan más con otros sentidos.

Cómo usar esta lista

De tres a cinco por respuesta es suficiente. Las mejores respuestas usan unos dos por cada 100 palabras, así que una respuesta de discusión de 150 palabras ronda los tres. Un conector en cada frase suena mecánico.
Aprende primero los que van dentro de la frase. While, Although, Rather than y which means that unen dos ideas en una sola frase. Ahí fue donde más se diferenciaron los dos grupos.
No cierres la discusión con In conclusion. En unas 150 palabras no cabe un párrafo de conclusión aparte. Basta una frase que empiece con Overall o For these reasons.
El grupo de correo se puede usar tal cual. Las peticiones corteses deben sonar a fórmula conocida. Eso sí, deja un solo saludo del tipo I hope this message finds you well, porque gasta palabras.

Descarga los 189 en PDF

Las mismas tablas, preparadas para imprimir en A4. Gratis y sin registro.

Descargar PDF

Elige dos hoy

No necesitas los 189. Elige dos de un grupo y úsalos hoy en una pregunta real. Resuelve una tarea de Email o de discusión en nuestros sets gratuitos de práctica de TOEFL Writing y luego pon la respuesta modelo al lado de la tuya para comparar los conectores. La diferencia se ve enseguida.

Para saber cómo funciona cada tarea, consulta la guía de Academic Discussion y la guía de Write an Email. Si buscas una estructura para memorizar, el artículo de plantillas para Academic Discussion lo cubre.