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토플 라이팅 연결어 189개, 예문 붙여 표로 정리 (PDF 무료)

2026-10-1012 min read

토플 라이팅을 처음 준비하는 학생이 가장 먼저 외워 오는 게 연결어다. Moreover, Furthermore, In conclusion. 그런데 우리 사이트 모범답안 114개를 하나씩 세어 보니 In conclusion은 한 번도 나오지 않았다.

이 글에는 2026 개정 토플의 Write an Email과 Write for an Academic Discussion에서 바로 쓸 수 있는 연결어 189개를 14개 묶음으로 모았다. 표현마다 뜻과 시험 맥락 예문을 붙였고, 같은 표를 인쇄용 PDF로도 받을 수 있다. 표 아래에는 우리 모범답안 114개에서 직접 센 숫자도 정리해 두었다.

연결어 189개 PDF로 받기

이 글의 표를 그대로 옮긴 A4 인쇄용 파일입니다. 가입 없이 무료.

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연결어 189개, 14개 묶음

쓰는 자리(Email인지 Academic Discussion인지)를 묶음마다 적어 두었다. 예문은 실제 시험에 나올 법한 주제로 썼다. 아래 목록에서 필요한 묶음을 누르면 바로 넘어간다.

내 입장 밝히기 (14)
이유 대기 (15)
자세히 풀어 쓰기 (14)
예시 들기 (14)
덧붙이기 (14)
대조·반박하기 (16)
다른 학생 의견에 반응하기 (14)
결과·결론 이끌기 (14)
비교·유사점 (10)
조건·가정하기 (10)
강조하기 (10)
순서 정리하기 (12)
마무리하기 (12)
이메일 전용 표현 (20)

내 입장 밝히기 (Stating your position)

쓰는 자리: Academic Discussion · 14개

표현	뜻	예문
In my view,	내 생각에는	In my view, first-year students should be required to live on campus.
From my perspective,	내 관점에서 보면	From my perspective, online classes work best for students who already have strong study habits.
I firmly believe that	나는 ~라고 확신한다	I firmly believe that schools should teach basic financial skills.
I strongly agree that	~에 강하게 동의한다	I strongly agree that cities should invest more in public transportation.
I am inclined to think that	~라고 생각하는 편이다	I am inclined to think that a shorter school week would hurt younger students.
As far as I am concerned,	내 입장에서는	As far as I am concerned, the benefits of social media outweigh the risks.
It seems to me that	내가 보기에는 ~인 것 같다	It seems to me that most students choose a major too early.
My position is that	내 입장은 ~이다	My position is that homework should be optional in elementary school.
I would argue that	~라고 주장하고 싶다	I would argue that public libraries are more important now than ever.
I am convinced that	~라고 확신한다	I am convinced that group projects prepare students for real jobs.
When it comes to	~에 관해서라면	When it comes to learning a language, daily practice matters more than talent.
Personally,	개인적으로	Personally, I prefer studying in a quiet library to studying at home.
I tend to agree with the idea that	~라는 생각에 대체로 동의한다	I tend to agree with the idea that uniforms reduce peer pressure.
There is no doubt that	~라는 것은 의심의 여지가 없다	There is no doubt that smartphones have changed how teenagers communicate.

이유 대기 (Giving reasons)

쓰는 자리: Email · Academic Discussion · 15개

표현	뜻	예문
This is mainly because	이건 주로 ~때문이다	Many students skip breakfast. This is mainly because their first class starts too early.
The main reason is that	주된 이유는 ~이다	The main reason is that students learn faster when they teach each other.
The primary reason for this is	그 일차적 이유는 ~이다	The primary reason for this is the high cost of living near campus.
One reason is that	한 가지 이유는 ~이다	One reason is that remote work saves employees hours of commuting.
Another reason is that	또 다른 이유는 ~이다	Another reason is that small classes allow more questions.
This is because	이것은 ~때문이다	Some companies ban phones in meetings. This is because people stop listening.
due to	~때문에 (+명사)	The event was canceled due to heavy rain.
owing to	~ 덕분에/때문에 (+명사)	Owing to budget cuts, the library now closes at 6 p.m.
since	~이므로	Since most students work part-time, evening classes are very popular.
given that	~를 고려하면	Given that tuition keeps rising, students need more scholarship options.
in light of	~에 비추어 볼 때	In light of the new research, the school changed its start time.
That is why	그래서 ~이다	Exercise improves focus. That is why I think schools need longer breaks.
for the simple reason that	~라는 단순한 이유로	I support the policy for the simple reason that it saves time.
What makes this important is that	이것이 중요한 이유는 ~이다	What makes this important is that habits formed in college often last for life.
I say this because	내가 이렇게 말하는 이유는 ~이다	I say this because I saw the same problem in my own high school.

자세히 풀어 쓰기 (Explaining in more detail)

쓰는 자리: Academic Discussion · 14개

표현	뜻	예문
In detail,	자세히 말하면	In detail, the program pairs each new student with an older mentor for one semester.
To be more specific,	좀 더 구체적으로 말하면	To be more specific, students spend about two hours a day on social media.
In other words,	다시 말해	In other words, the rule protects students who cannot afford new devices.
That is to say,	즉	Teachers should be facilitators. That is to say, they should guide rather than lecture.
To put it another way,	달리 말하면	To put it another way, cheap food is not really cheap if it makes us sick.
What I mean is that	내 말은 ~라는 것이다	What I mean is that students need time to rest, not just more classes.
More specifically,	더 구체적으로	More specifically, the app reminds users to review words they missed.
To elaborate,	부연하자면	To elaborate, part-time jobs teach time management in a way classes cannot.
Put simply,	간단히 말해	Put simply, the policy costs more than it saves.
This means that	이는 ~라는 뜻이다	This means that students would lose their only chance to practice speaking.
In particular,	특히	In particular, first-generation students benefit from extra advising.
Specifically,	구체적으로	Specifically, the survey found that most users quit within a week.
Namely,	즉, 다시 말해 (명시)	Two groups would benefit most, namely commuters and working parents.
The point is that	요점은 ~라는 것이다	The point is that technology should support teachers, not replace them.

예시 들기 (Giving examples)

쓰는 자리: Email · Academic Discussion · 14개

표현	뜻	예문
For example,	예를 들어	For example, my cousin learned to code entirely through free online courses.
For instance,	예를 들면	For instance, many museums now offer free virtual tours.
To illustrate,	예를 들어 설명하면	To illustrate, a student who reads 20 minutes a day finishes about 15 books a year.
such as	~와 같은	Outdoor activities such as hiking and cycling reduce stress.
A good example of this is	그 좋은 예가 ~이다	A good example of this is Finland, where students have very little homework.
Take ... as an example.	~를 예로 들어 보자	Take my high school as an example. It banned phones, and grades went up.
In my experience,	내 경험상	In my experience, study groups work only when someone sets clear goals.
When I was in high school,	고등학교 때	When I was in high school, our teacher let us choose our own project topics.
like	~처럼 (구어적)	Small changes, like turning off notifications, can improve focus.
including	~를 포함해	The club offers many activities, including weekend hikes and film nights.
Consider	~를 생각해 보라	Consider how much time students spend commuting to campus each week.
Imagine	~를 상상해 보라	Imagine a student who has to work 30 hours a week while studying full-time.
to name a few	몇 가지만 들자면	Cafes, libraries, and parks, to name a few, all offer free Wi-Fi now.
As an illustration,	한 예로	As an illustration, the city's bike-sharing program cut car trips by a noticeable amount.

덧붙이기 (Adding a point)

쓰는 자리: Email · Academic Discussion · 14개

표현	뜻	예문
In addition,	게다가	In addition, living on campus makes it easier to join clubs.
Moreover,	더욱이	Moreover, the new schedule gives teachers more time to plan.
Furthermore,	더 나아가	Furthermore, online courses let students review lectures as often as they need.
Also,	또한	Also, public transportation is better for the environment.
On top of that,	그것뿐 아니라	On top of that, the program is completely free for students.
Besides,	게다가 (구어적)	Besides, most students already own a laptop.
What is more,	더구나	What is more, the library stays open until midnight during exams.
Not only ... but also	~뿐만 아니라 ~도	Not only does exercise improve health, but it also boosts concentration.
Along with	~와 함께	Along with lower costs, remote work offers more flexibility.
As well as	~뿐 아니라	Tutors help with writing as well as with test preparation.
Another point to consider is	고려할 또 다른 점은 ~이다	Another point to consider is the cost of maintaining the new buildings.
Equally important,	똑같이 중요한 것은	Equally important, students need someone to talk to when they struggle.
Additionally,	추가로	Additionally, I would like to ask whether the deadline can be extended.
Not to mention	~는 말할 것도 없고	The commute is long, not to mention expensive.

대조·반박하기 (Contrasting and conceding)

쓰는 자리: Academic Discussion · 16개

표현	뜻	예문
However,	하지만	Some people think homework is useless. However, it builds discipline.
On the other hand,	반면에	Living alone is expensive. On the other hand, it teaches responsibility.
Although	~이긴 하지만	Although online classes are flexible, many students feel isolated.
Even though	비록 ~일지라도	Even though the plan costs more, it will save money in the long run.
While	~이긴 하지만	While technology helps, it cannot replace a good teacher.
Nevertheless,	그럼에도 불구하고	The rule is unpopular. Nevertheless, it keeps students safe.
Despite	~에도 불구하고 (+명사)	Despite the high cost, many families choose private tutoring.
In contrast,	그와 대조적으로	City schools have large classes. In contrast, rural schools are often very small.
Instead,	대신	Schools should not ban phones. Instead, they should teach students to use them wisely.
Admittedly,	인정하건대	Admittedly, the policy will be difficult to enforce at first.
It is true that ..., but	~인 건 맞지만	It is true that dorms are expensive, but they save students time and travel costs.
That being said,	그렇긴 하지만	Online learning is convenient. That being said, it requires strong self-control.
Even so,	그렇다 해도	The new library is far from the dorms. Even so, students use it every day.
Rather than	~하기보다는	Rather than banning junk food, schools should offer healthier options.
Whereas	~인 반면	Some students like group work, whereas others prefer to study alone.
Conversely,	역으로	Strict rules can reduce cheating. Conversely, they can also reduce trust.

다른 학생 의견에 반응하기 (Responding to classmates)

쓰는 자리: Academic Discussion · 14개

표현	뜻	예문
I agree with ... that	~의 ~라는 의견에 동의한다	I agree with Kelly that living on campus helps students make friends.
I understand ...'s point about ..., but	~의 ~에 관한 주장은 이해하지만	I understand Andrew's point about cost, but the benefits are worth it.
While ... makes a good point,	~의 말도 일리가 있지만	While Maria makes a good point about safety, I think the rule goes too far.
Building on ...'s idea,	~의 생각을 발전시켜 보면	Building on Daniel's idea, schools could also offer weekend workshops.
... raises an interesting point, but	~가 흥미로운 지적을 했지만	Emily raises an interesting point, but she overlooks the cost to taxpayers.
I see where ... is coming from, but	~가 왜 그렇게 말하는지는 알지만	I see where Jason is coming from, but not every student can afford a laptop.
Unlike ..., I believe that	~와 달리 나는 ~라고 생각한다	Unlike Sarah, I believe that exams are still the fairest way to measure learning.
I partly agree with ..., but	~에 부분적으로 동의하지만	I partly agree with Tom, but I think the rule should apply only to younger students.
Like ..., I think	~처럼 나도 ~라고 생각한다	Like Kevin, I think teachers should give fewer but better assignments.
... overlooks the fact that	~는 ~라는 사실을 간과한다	Andrew overlooks the fact that many dorms offer financial aid.
What ... does not mention is	~가 언급하지 않은 것은 ~이다	What Lisa does not mention is how long the training would take.
To add to ...'s argument,	~의 주장에 덧붙이자면	To add to Chris's argument, smaller classes also reduce noise and stress.
I would go further than ... and say	~보다 한 걸음 더 나아가 ~라고 말하고 싶다	I would go further than Anna and say that the policy should be national.
Both ... and ... make valid points, but	~와 ~ 둘 다 타당하지만	Both Kelly and Andrew make valid points, but I lean toward Kelly's side.

결과·결론 이끌기 (Showing results)

쓰는 자리: Email · Academic Discussion · 14개

표현	뜻	예문
As a result,	그 결과	The cafeteria added healthy options. As a result, fewer students eat off campus.
Therefore,	그러므로	The bus is often late. Therefore, students should be allowed some flexibility.
Consequently,	결과적으로	Prices rose sharply. Consequently, many students moved back home.
Thus,	따라서	The test is shorter. Thus, students have less time to recover from mistakes.
As a consequence,	그 결과로	As a consequence, the city had to close two libraries.
This leads to	이는 ~로 이어진다	Less sleep leads to lower grades and more stress.
This results in	이는 ~라는 결과를 낳는다	Skipping practice results in slower progress.
Because of this,	이 때문에	Because of this, many students never ask for help.
For this reason,	이런 이유로	For this reason, I think the school should keep the program.
so	그래서	The library was full, so we studied in a cafe.
Hence,	그런 까닭에	The data is incomplete. Hence, the conclusion may be wrong.
which means that	그 말은 ~라는 뜻이다	The deadline moved up, which means that we have only two days left.
In turn,	그 결과 다시	Better sleep improves focus, and focus, in turn, improves grades.
As a result of	~의 결과로 (+명사)	As a result of the new policy, attendance went up.

비교·유사점 (Comparing)

쓰는 자리: Academic Discussion · 10개

표현	뜻	예문
Similarly,	마찬가지로	Libraries offer quiet space. Similarly, study cafes give students a place to focus.
Likewise,	마찬가지로	Teachers need feedback. Likewise, students need clear goals.
In the same way,	같은 방식으로	In the same way, companies benefit when workers rest.
Compared to	~와 비교하면	Compared to ten years ago, students today read far fewer printed books.
Just as ..., so	~하듯이 ~도 그렇다	Just as athletes need rest, so do students before exams.
Unlike	~와 달리	Unlike traditional classes, online courses can be taken at any time.
much more ... than	~보다 훨씬 더 ~하다	Group study is much more effective than studying alone for some subjects.
By comparison,	그에 비해	Bikes are cheap to maintain. By comparison, cars cost thousands each year.
the same is true of	~도 마찬가지다	Exercise improves mood, and the same is true of spending time outdoors.
is far better than	~보다 훨씬 낫다	Learning by doing is far better than memorizing rules.

조건·가정하기 (Conditions and what-ifs)

쓰는 자리: Academic Discussion · 10개

표현	뜻	예문
If ..., then	만약 ~라면, 그러면	If schools start later, then students will sleep more.
Unless	~하지 않는 한	Unless the city adds more buses, traffic will keep getting worse.
As long as	~하는 한	Phones are fine in class as long as students use them for research.
Provided that	~라는 조건이라면	Remote work can succeed, provided that teams meet regularly.
Otherwise,	그렇지 않으면	Students need breaks. Otherwise, they lose focus quickly.
In that case,	그런 경우에는	Some students cannot attend in person. In that case, recorded lectures help.
Without	~ 없이는	Without clear rules, group projects become unfair.
If this happens,	이렇게 된다면	Funding may be cut. If this happens, the program will close.
Even if	설령 ~라도	Even if the course is optional, most students would take it.
Suppose that	~라고 가정해 보자	Suppose that every student had a personal tutor. Grades would rise quickly.

강조하기 (Adding emphasis)

쓰는 자리: Academic Discussion · 10개

표현	뜻	예문
Indeed,	실제로, 정말로	Sleep matters. Indeed, it may matter more than extra study hours.
In fact,	사실은	Many people think cycling is slow. In fact, it is often faster in city traffic.
Above all,	무엇보다도	Above all, students need teachers who believe in them.
Most importantly,	가장 중요한 것은	Most importantly, the policy protects students' mental health.
Clearly,	분명히	Clearly, the old system is not working.
Obviously,	당연히	Obviously, no single rule will solve the problem.
It is worth noting that	~라는 점은 주목할 만하다	It is worth noting that the program is already used in several countries.
Especially	특히	Especially for younger students, routine is very important.
Undoubtedly,	의심할 여지 없이	Undoubtedly, the internet has made research easier.
The key point is that	핵심은 ~라는 것이다	The key point is that students learn best when they are curious.

순서 정리하기 (Ordering your points)

쓰는 자리: Email · Academic Discussion · 12개

표현	뜻	예문
First of all,	우선	First of all, I want to thank you for your quick reply.
To begin with,	먼저	To begin with, uniforms save families money.
Firstly, / Secondly,	첫째, / 둘째,	Firstly, the plan is cheap. Secondly, it is easy to start.
Next,	다음으로	Next, I would like to ask about the meeting time.
Then,	그다음에	We could meet at the library. Then, we could go to the lab together.
After that,	그 후에	After that, I will send you the final draft.
Finally,	마지막으로	Finally, I would appreciate it if you could confirm the date.
Lastly,	마지막으로	Lastly, the program builds confidence.
To start with,	우선 첫째로	To start with, the room is too small for our group.
At the same time,	동시에	At the same time, we should listen to students' concerns.
Meanwhile,	그동안	I will finish the slides. Meanwhile, could you check the data?
Before that,	그 전에	Before that, I need to finish my lab report.

마무리하기 (Wrapping up)

쓰는 자리: Academic Discussion · 12개

표현	뜻	예문
Overall,	전반적으로	Overall, the benefits of the program clearly outweigh the costs.
For these reasons,	이러한 이유로	For these reasons, I support Kelly's view.
That is why I believe	그래서 나는 ~라고 믿는다	That is why I believe schools should start later.
All things considered,	모든 것을 고려하면	All things considered, online learning is a good option for adults.
In the end,	결국	In the end, the choice should belong to the students.
Ultimately,	궁극적으로	Ultimately, a good teacher matters more than any technology.
To sum up,	요약하면	To sum up, uniforms save money and reduce pressure.
In short,	간단히 말해	In short, the plan is cheap, fast, and fair.
In conclusion,	결론적으로	In conclusion, I believe the city should invest in bike lanes.
This is why	이것이 ~하는 이유다	This is why I would choose the second option.
On balance,	모든 걸 따져 보면	On balance, the rule does more good than harm.
Taking everything into account,	모든 점을 고려할 때	Taking everything into account, I would support the proposal.

이메일 전용 표현 (Email-only phrases)

쓰는 자리: Email · 20개

표현	뜻	예문
I am writing to	~하려고 메일 드립니다	I am writing to ask about the summer research program.
I am writing about	~에 관해 메일 드립니다	I am writing about a used textbook I bought last week.
I hope this message finds you well.	잘 지내시길 바랍니다	Dear Professor Kim, I hope this message finds you well.
I would like to	~하고 싶습니다	I would like to request a short extension on my essay.
Could you please	~해 주실 수 있을까요	Could you please tell me when the office opens?
Would it be possible to	~하는 게 가능할까요	Would it be possible to move our meeting to Friday?
I would appreciate it if you could	~해 주시면 감사하겠습니다	I would appreciate it if you could send me the reading list.
Unfortunately,	안타깝게도	Unfortunately, I will not be able to attend the meeting on Monday.
The problem is that	문제는 ~라는 것입니다	The problem is that the heater in my room stopped working.
As you may know,	아시다시피	As you may know, the project is due next Friday.
I was wondering if	혹시 ~인지 궁금합니다	I was wondering if there are any spots left in the workshop.
In addition to this,	이에 더해	In addition to this, I would like to know the total cost.
As a result of this,	이로 인해	As a result of this, I missed the first two classes.
I would be happy to	기꺼이 ~하겠습니다	I would be happy to help with the event setup.
Please let me know if	~라면 알려 주세요	Please let me know if you need any more information.
Thank you for	~에 감사드립니다	Thank you for your help with my application.
I look forward to	~를 기대합니다	I look forward to hearing from you.
Thank you in advance for	미리 감사드립니다	Thank you in advance for your time.
If it is not too much trouble,	번거롭지 않으시다면	If it is not too much trouble, could you check my registration?
I apologize for	~에 대해 사과드립니다	I apologize for the short notice.

한 답안에 넣어 보면

"신입생 기숙사 의무화" Discussion 문제에 표 속 표현 5개를 넣어 쓴 답안이다. 파란 물결 밑줄이 연결어다. 보여 주려고 일부러 많이 넣었다. 실전에서는 이 중 3개만 남겨도 충분하다.

Academic Discussion 예시 답안

I understand Andrew’s point about cost, but I agree with Kelly that first-year students should live on campus. The main reason is that the first year is when students build their study habits. In detail, a student in a dorm can join a late study group or ask a classmate for help within five minutes, while a student who commutes for an hour usually goes straight home. While dorms are expensive, many universities offer housing aid to students who need it, so cost alone should not decide the rule. For these reasons, I believe requiring one year on campus helps students more than it hurts them.

In conclusion을 쓰지 않았고, 반박은 While 한 단어로 문장 안에서 끝냈다. 다른 학생 이름을 부르며 시작하는 첫 문장은 ‘다른 학생 의견에 반응하기’ 묶음에서 가져왔다.

모범답안 114개에서 직접 세어 본 것

testpracticelab 라이팅 연습 세트와 풀테스트에 실린 Email·Discussion 모범답안 114개를 모았다. 만점 기준으로 쓴 답안 55개, 그 아래 고득점 답안 59개, 합쳐서 1만 2,783단어다. 여기서 아래 189개 표현이 몇 번 나오는지 셌다.

우리가 직접 쓴 답안이라 ETS 채점 결과는 아니다. 다만 강사가 "이 정도면 만점"이라고 판단한 글과 "잘 썼지만 한 칸 아래"라고 본 글이 연결어를 어떻게 다르게 쓰는지는 그대로 드러난다.

연결어 밀도

만점 답안이라고 연결어를 더 많이 쓴 건 아니다. 100단어당 개수는 오히려 조금 적다.

2.1 : 2.2만점 : 고득점, 100단어당

교재 단골 표현

In conclusion, In addition, On the other hand는 114개 답안에 한 번도 없다. Moreover와 Furthermore도 각각 1번뿐이다.

0회In conclusion

문장 안에서 잇기

While, Rather than처럼 한 문장 안에서 양보·대조를 처리하는 표현은 만점 답안에 두 배 넘게 많다.

3.7 : 1.81,000단어당

예시 여는 법

For example은 고득점 답안 쪽에 몰려 있다. 만점 답안은 예시를 문장 속에 녹이거나 For instance처럼 다른 말로 연다.

0.6 : 2.8For example, 1,000단어당

집계: testpracticelab 라이팅 샘플 20세트 + 풀테스트 12세트의 Email·Discussion 모범답안 114개 (중복 제거). so, like, also처럼 연결어가 아닌 뜻으로 더 자주 쓰이는 단어는 집계에서 뺐다.

이 표를 쓰는 법

한 답안에 3~5개면 충분하다. 만점 답안 평균이 100단어당 2개 정도라 150단어 Discussion이면 3개 안팎이다. 문장마다 연결어를 붙이면 글이 기계적으로 읽힌다.
문장 앞보다 문장 안을 먼저 익힌다. While, Although, Rather than, which means that은 두 생각을 한 문장으로 묶어 준다. 만점 답안과 고득점 답안의 차이가 가장 크게 난 곳이 여기다.
Discussion은 In conclusion으로 끝내지 않는다. 150단어 안팎의 글에 결론 문단을 따로 둘 자리는 없다. Overall이나 For these reasons로 시작하는 한 문장이면 된다.
이메일 묶음은 틀 그대로 써도 된다. 공손한 요청에는 원래 정해진 표현이 맞다. 다만 I hope this message finds you well 같은 인사는 단어만 먹으니 하나로 끝낸다.

연결어 189개 PDF로 받기

이 글의 표를 그대로 옮긴 A4 인쇄용 파일입니다. 가입 없이 무료.

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오늘은 두 개만 골라서

189개를 다 외울 필요는 없다. 오늘은 묶음 하나에서 두 개만 골라 실제 문제에 써 보자. 토플 라이팅 무료 연습 세트에서 Email과 Discussion 문제를 풀고, 모범답안과 내 답안의 연결어를 나란히 놓고 비교하면 차이가 바로 보인다.

과제별 푸는 법은 Academic Discussion 유형 설명과 Write an Email 유형 설명에 정리해 두었다. 외워 둘 틀이 궁금하면 Academic Discussion 템플릿 글을 보면 된다.