TOEFL Reading अभ्यास #022 — The Battle No One Lived to Describe (हिंदी व्याख्या)

1. A. became widely known for the first time
2. B. became fixed and difficult to change
3. C. gradually lost its popularity
4. D. was scientifically tested and confirmed

1. A. the firing-pin signature
2. B. the individual weapon
3. C. the fingerprint mentioned in the comparison
4. D. a spent cartridge case

1. A. a set of tiny marks that an individual weapon leaves on the case it fires, allowing that case to be traced back to the specific weapon
2. B. the general term for any bullet fired during a nineteenth-century battle
3. C. a record kept by the army listing which soldier carried which weapon
4. D. the pattern in which bodies were found on the battlefield

1. A. They received orders from Custer to stay behind and guard the camp
2. B. They arrived too late because they had taken a longer route
3. C. They ran into heavy resistance of their own and were unable to reach him
4. D. They mistook the direction and marched away from the battle entirely

1. A. Custer divided his roughly six hundred soldiers into three separate groups
2. B. All six hundred soldiers in the regiment were killed within the first hour of fighting
3. C. Reinforcements reached the site two days after the fighting
4. D. The two groups that were not with Custer ran into resistance of their own

1. A. Because the cartridge cases were found spread across a wide area instead of in one place, the team concluded that Custer's men had been forced into a scattered retreat rather than holding a fixed defensive line.
2. B. Because Custer's men were forced into a scattered retreat, their cartridge cases later turned up concentrated in one place.
3. C. The team concluded that Custer's men held a fixed defensive line throughout the entire battle.
4. D. All of the cartridge cases found on the hillside came from a single weapon used throughout the retreat.

1. A. Godfrey deliberately altered his account to protect Custer's reputation
2. B. Godfrey's account was later proven completely accurate by archaeological evidence
3. C. Godfrey personally witnessed how Custer's men died in their final stand
4. D. Godfrey's account rested on inference from indirect evidence rather than on anything he had personally seen in Custer's final fight

1. A. argue that fingerprint evidence was used directly in the 1980s investigation
2. B. criticize earlier historians for not using forensic science sooner
3. C. help readers understand that each weapon leaves a unique, identifiable trace on the cases it fires
4. D. explain how archaeologists located the battlefield in 1983

1. A. It shows that the account given in paragraph 3 was based on evidence that never existed
2. B. It offers a different explanation for the same events described in paragraph 3, rather than simply repeating it
3. C. It repeats the same conclusion reached in paragraph 3 in greater detail
4. D. It describes an entirely different battle unrelated to the one in paragraph 3

1. A. Square A
2. B. Square B
3. C. Square C
4. D. Square D

For more than a century, the battle known as Custer's Last Stand was understood only through an account built after the fighting ended, and archaeological evidence recovered in the 1980s has forced historians to reconsider how much of that account was ever accurate.

1. A. Custer split his roughly six hundred soldiers into three groups, and the two groups that were not with him failed to reach his position in time.
2. B. Captain Edward Godfrey's 1892 account, based on the positions in which the bodies were found, argued that Custer's men had formed an organized defensive line and fought together until the end.
3. C. A 1983 grass fire exposed the battlefield, allowing archaeologists to search it systematically for the first time.
4. D. By matching tiny marks unique to each weapon, archaeologists found that Custer's men had been scattered across the hillside in a fast retreat rather than holding an organized defensive line.
5. E. The archaeological findings supported Native American oral accounts of a chaotic battle that historians had previously dismissed, though some historians still urge caution about how far the new evidence can be trusted.
6. F. Custer had been promoted to his rank shortly before the battle after a distinguished career in the Civil War.