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Passage 1
The concept of the 'implied author,' introduced by Wayne Booth in his seminal work on narrative theory, refers not to the biographical writer but to a constructed pers___… of the author that readers infer from the text. This analytical tool allows critics to examine how a narrative's values and ethical commitments are artic___… without conflating the living person who wrote the text with the ideological position the work appears to endorse.
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1) persona · 2) articulated
Passage 2
Walter Benjamin argued that mechanical reproduction fundamentally altered the nature of art by destroying its au___… — the sense of unique presence and historical authenticity that attaches to an original object. Benjamin saw this loss as politically liber___…, as it removed art from the exclusive control of cultural elites and made it accessible to the masses.
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1) aura · 2) liberating
Passage 3
The tension between formalist and contextualist approaches to literary criticism reflects a deeper disagreement about what constitutes meaningful inter___… of a text. Formalists insist that meaning resides within the autonomous structure of the work itself, while contextualists maintain that texts can only be fully understood in relation to the historical and social circum___… from which they emerged.
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1) interpretation · 2) circumstances
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